What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) ?

Right now, the most talked-about technology in the world is AI. Everyone is curious about AI, so in this article, we will try to understand what AI really is.


Before understanding the definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is important to grasp the meaning of these words:


Artificial: A copy of something occurring naturally. For example, gold is naturally available and used to make jewelry, but we also create artificial jewelry from metals or other materials that look like gold but are not actually gold.

Intelligence: The ability to learn or understand something new.


Does Intelligence Exist Naturally?

Yes, the best example of natural intelligence is humans. When a baby is born, over time, they learn to walk and talk by observing their parents and environment. They begin to understand the world. This shows humans' natural ability to learn and adapt to new things from their surroundings. As they grow, they acquire various skills like swimming, cooking, and more. This natural ability to learn is known as "human intelligence," reflecting humans' capacity to learn and master new things.


Artificial Intelligence:  Replicating Human Intelligence

We aim to create an artificial copy of this naturally existing human intelligence. We want to bring this ability into machines, especially computers, so that they can think like us. This is the essence of artificial intelligence: to replicate human thought processes in computers. After understating the basics idea of AI we can define AI like this: 


"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology that simulates human-like thinking in machines especially computers systems. "


Machines that have AI can also be called intelligent machines. For example, we can refer to self-driving cars as intelligent machines because they use cameras, sensors, and AI to navigate to their destinations on their own.

Let's take another example: AI can analyze ultrasound images of a patient and predict the chances of cancer, similar to how an experience doctor would. AI empowers machines to understand, analyze and draw conclusions. Here are some more examples of AI usage:

  • text to image ai (DALL-E, Midjourney)
  • Weather predictions (GraphCast, ATMO)
  • Writing content (ChatGPT, Gemini)
  • Playing games (Deep Blue - Chess-playing AI)
  • recommendation systems (Netflix movie recommendations)


Artificial Intelligence




Types of Artificial Intelligence:

we divide AI types based on their functionality and capability. Functionality refer to the behavioral and operational aspect, specifically how much AI resembles the human mind. Capability refers to how much potential AI can demonstrate. Bases on these we divide categorize AI by its functionality and capability.

AI types bases on Functionality: 



  1. Reactive Machines:
    

Reactive machines are the most basic and oldest form of AI. They are task- specific with very limited functionality, such as IBM Deep blue, which can only play chess. Reactive AI always gives the same output if provided with the same input and conditions repeatedly.

 2. Limited Memory:
  
Unlike reactive machines, which can only respond to immediate stimuli, limited memory AI can store some information to improve its present actions. 
       
An example of limited memory ai is ChatGPT. During single chat window, ChatGPT can maintain context and reference information from the ongoing chat history allowing for more relevant responses.

3. Theory of Mind:

As humans, we have deep understanding of  the social world, recognizing that the other like us also think and feel. we recognize that each person thoughts and emotions are unique enabling us to adjust our actions to achieve our goals.

Let's illustrate this with an example: Imagine an employee who wishes to discuss a promotion with their boss. Upon noticing the boss angry mood, the employee decided not to bring up the topic at that moment. Here, the employee understands the boss emotions and act accordingly. This ability to think, analyze and feel is known as theory of mind, help us navigate the social world.

what if we could develop this ability in machines? if we were able to create such artificial intelligence, it would be termed "Theory of mind ai". However, this type of AI does not currently exist and there is lot of ongoing work happening in this field.

4. Self Aware AI:

Self-Aware AI represents a more advanced level of artificial intelligence than Theory of Mind AI. In addition to recognizing and understanding other people's emotions and mental states, Self-Aware AI possesses consciousness and awareness of its own existence and surroundings. This type of AI, also known as a conscious machine, would have the ability to reflect on its own experiences and make autonomous decisions based on self-derived goals and motivations. However, such AI does not exist yet. Our current understanding of consciousness in humans and animals is still incomplete, making it unlikely that we will be able to create truly self-aware AI in the near future.


AI types based on Capability: 


  1. Narrow AI: This AI can only perform task for which it has been programmed, which is why it is also referred to as weak ai. An example of this is computer vision, which can only recognize objects. Another good example is ChatGPT which can generate content based on user prompts. Narrow or weak ai cannot take independent actions without the involvement of programmers. For example, if an ai is specialized in computer vision, it will never learn new skills on its own like humans often try to learn new things.
      2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI):  AI that matches human intelligence is called AGI. This is
          the kind of ai that exists independently and think new ideas on its own. we can also refer to it as 
          strong ai. This type of AI does not exist yet and companies like OpenAI and meta are working on
           it.
       
Some Facts:

  • The terms "Artificial intelligence" was first used by John McCarthy in 1956.


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